The difference between super capacitors and ordinary capacitors

Supercapacitor is also called Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor, golden capacitor, and farad capacitor. It is a kind of electrochemical physical component, but does not carry out chemical reaction itself, which is its biggest difference from ordinary capacitors. The storage capacity of a super capacitor is particularly large, reaching a capacitance of farad level. How to increase the area of the two plates? The supercapacitor stores energy by injecting an electrolyte. Under the action of the electrode, the surface charge of the electrode will attract the heterosexual ions in the surrounding electrolyte solution, causing these ions to attach to the electrode surface to form an electric double layer, forming an electric double layer capacitor. Because the distance between the two charge layers is very small (usually below 0.5mm), a special electrode structure is used to increase the electrode surface area by tens of thousands, thereby generating a large capacitance.

Super capacitors combine the physical characteristics of ordinary capacitors:

1. It has a very large capacitance of farad level, which is much larger than ordinary capacitors.

2. The power that can be released instantly is nearly ten times higher than ordinary batteries, and it will not be damaged.

3. The charge and discharge cycle life is more than 100,000 times, which is one of the biggest advantages. Traditional batteries can only be charged and discharged hundreds of times.

4. Can be used normally in the ambient temperature of 40 degrees to 60 degrees, the performance of traditional batteries at low temperatures will be greatly reduced.

5. It has super charge holding ability and the leakage is very small. Traditional batteries need to be charged frequently to maintain the state.

6. Charging fast, it is dozens of times faster than ordinary batteries, and it can fill the power required by a car in a few minutes.

7. It will not cause pollution to the environment, and it is truly maintenance-free. The traditional battery is still polluted.

But super capacitors have two of the most deadly disadvantages:

1. Its volume is relatively large, and its storage capacity is smaller than that of a comparable battery.

2. Even if it reaches farad level power, it is still very small compared to traditional batteries. According to the current technology, it still cannot be used as the main storage device of electric power. Because its power can only drive the vehicle for a few kilometers.

But super capacitor cars still have a role to play in the future. Even if supercapacitors cannot support electric vehicles for hundreds of kilometers, they will still have great practical value in some special vehicles. If the power of supercapacitors is increased to tens of kilometers, in addition to short-distance buses, the mini-cars used in most cities will be the beneficiaries of this technology. For example, Harbin Institute of Technology has successfully developed a super-capacitor electric vehicle that can continuously drive 25 kilometers with a charge of 15 minutes at a time, with a maximum speed of 52 kilometers per hour.

In other fields, supercapacitors have good prospects for development. For example, mobile phone batteries made with supercapacitors can be fully charged after only one minute of charging, and they are not afraid of the low temperature environment. Used on some high-power starter motors, such as the start of large diesel engines or gas turbines, these motors require a large instantaneous current.