Views: 2 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-12-18 Origin: Site
Film capacitors are commonly seen in people's daily lives, such as in LED energy-saving lamps, TV set-top boxes, camera flashes, electric meters, computers, and peripheral
equipment. So, do you know how they are named? What is their naming convention?
This article will provide you with a detailed introduction to the naming convention for film capacitor packaging and the significance of packaging.
Naming Convention for Film Capacitor Packaging
Generally, the voltage ratings of film capacitors are categorized into 6.3V, 10V, 16V, 25V, 50V, etc. The model specifications of domestic capacitors are typically composed of four parts (not applicable to varistors, variable capacitors, or vacuum capacitors),
representing the name, material, classification, and serial number in order.
Part 1: Name, represented by a letter. Capacitors are denoted by "C."
Part 2: Material, represented by a letter.
Part 3: Classification, generally represented by a number, with a few exceptions
represented by a letter.
Part 4: Serial number, represented by a number.
Materials represented by letters:
A – Tantalum electrolyte
B – Non-polar plastic film (e.g., polyethylene)
C – High-frequency ceramic
D – Aluminum electrolyte
E – Electrolyte of other materials
G – Alloy electrolyte
H – Composite dielectric
I – Glass glaze
J – Metalized paper
L – Polar organic films (e.g., nylon)
N – Niobium electrolyte
O – Film coating
Q – Lacquer coating
T – Low-frequency ceramic
V – Mica paper
Y – Mica
Z – Paper dielectric
Significance of Film Capacitor Packaging
1. Electrolytic capacitors are generally composed of metal foil (aluminum/tantalum) as
the positive electrode and an insulating film or electrolyte polymer as the dielectric.
2. The negative electrode of a tantalum electrolytic capacitor typically uses manganese
dioxide. Since electrolytes are used as the negative electrode (note the distinction from
the dielectric), these capacitors are named electrolytic capacitors.
3. Polarized electrolytic capacitors are generally used in power supply circuits or in
high-frequency and low-frequency circuits for functions such as power filtering,
decoupling, signal coupling, time constant setting, and DC blocking. They are usually not suitable for AC power circuits. When used as filter capacitors in DC power circuits, the
anode (positive terminal) should be connected to the positive terminal of the power
supply, and the cathode (negative terminal) should be connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. Incorrect connection may damage the capacitor.
4. Electrolytic capacitors are widely used in household appliances and various
electronic devices. Their capacitance range is relatively large, typically from 1 to 1000μF, with rated operating voltage ranges from 6.3V to 450V. Their drawbacks include high
dielectric loss, large capacitance tolerance (with a maximum allowable deviation of
+100% and -20%), poor heat resistance, and susceptibility to failure after prolonged
storage.
Common Packaging Types for Film Capacitors
Film capacitor packaging can generally be categorized by size into lead type (also called through-hole type), solder pin type (also called solder pin type),
and bolt type.
The most common solder pin type is the two-pin solder pin, but there are also three-pin,
four-pin, and irregular multi-pin solder pin types.
There is also a less common type called solder tab type, which is similar in size to the
solder pin type.
Common types: Lead-type aluminum electrolytic capacitors, solder pin-type aluminum
electrolytic capacitors (two-pin and four-pin), and bolt-type aluminum electrolytic
capacitors.
Less common types: Three-pin solder pin-type aluminum electrolytic capacitors and
solder tab-type aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
How Film Capacitors Are Constructed
Electrolytic capacitors are polarized. Why do they have polarity?
Generally, electrolytic capacitors are used in rectifier circuits and are not suitable for AC
circuits. For this reason, distinguishing polarity is necessary. The polarity of components can be distinguished as follows:
- The longer lead is the positive terminal (+).
- The shorter lead is the negative terminal (-).
- On the sleeve, a thick black line indicates the negative terminal.
Material distinctions are as follows:
Aluminum foil: Aluminum foil can be categorized into formed foil and non-formed foil.
Formed foil: Used for the positive electrode.
This refers to aluminum foil that can withstand applied voltage. The foil used for different voltage specifications is mostly distinguishable.
Non-formed foil: Used for the negative electrode.
Non-formed foil refers to aluminum foil that has not undergone the forming process,
meaning it cannot withstand applied voltage.
Why is electrolyte paper used?
Electrolyte paper:
1. It is placed between the formed foil and non-formed foil as an insulating material to
prevent short circuits between the positive and negative foils.
2. It absorbs and retains the electrolyte.
Why are other materials and components used?
The electrolyte, often referred to as drive electrolyte, is a mixture of various chemicals. It can be distinguished based on the operating voltage, temperature characteristics, and
type of capacitor.
After winding, the element is soaked in the electrolyte and placed in an aluminum casing. If left exposed to air, the soaked chemicals would evaporate. Therefore, the element is
placed in the aluminum casing, sealed with rubber, and tightly bound to ensure complete sealing. Rubber and aluminum casing are used for this purpose.