How capacitors store energy

Capacitors are one of the most widely used electronic components in electronic devices, so they are widely used in blocking, coupling, bypassing, filtering, tuning loops, energy conversion, and control circuits.

Working principle:

Capacitors are similar to batteries and also have two electrodes. Inside the capacitor, the two electrodes are respectively connected to two metal plates separated by a dielectric. The dielectric is air, paper, plastic or any other substance that is non-conductive and prevents the two metal poles from contacting each other. The metal plate on the capacitor that is connected to the negative terminal of the battery will absorb the electrons generated by the battery. A metal plate on the capacitor that is connected to the positive terminal of the battery will release electrons to the battery. After charging is complete, the capacitor has the same voltage as the battery (if the battery voltage is 1.5 volts, the capacitor voltage is also 1.5 volts).

The main purpose:

1. Capacitors are used to store power for high speed release. This feature is used by the flash. Large lasers also use this technique to achieve very bright, instantaneous flash effects.

2. The capacitor also eliminates pulsation. If the line that conducts the DC voltage contains pulsations or spikes, the bulk capacitor can smooth the voltage by absorbing peaks and filling the valleys.

3. Capacitors can block DC. If a smaller capacitor is connected to the battery, the charging process will be completed in an instant after the capacitor is fully charged (when the capacitor capacity is small), no more current will pass between the two poles of the battery. However, any alternating current (AC) signal can flow unimpeded through the capacitor. The reason is that as the AC current fluctuates, the capacitor is continuously charged and discharged as if the AC current is flowing.

4. The capacitor is used with the inductor to form an oscillator.