Characteristics of capacitors(1)

The capacitor can store the charge and has the function of isolating the DC.

When the two electrodes of the capacitor are related to the positive and negative electrodes of the DC power respectively, the positive and negative charges will gather on the two electrode plates of the capacitor and form a voltage between the two plates. As the charge on the bipolar plate of the capacitor increases, the voltage on the capacitor increases gradually from small to small, until equal to the DC supply voltage, there will be no current flow through the circuit, and the charging process will stop. This is the charging function of the capacitor.If the DC power supply and capacitor are disconnected, then the charge is stored on the capacitor. The charge stored in the capacitor can be calculated by the following formula. When the voltage at both ends of the capacitor is fixed, the capacity of the capacitor increases. The greater the amount of charge it stores. This shows that the capacitance of a capacitor is a parameter that measures the capacity of a capacitor to store charges.

After storing the charge on the capacitor, because the bipolar plate of the capacitor is separated by the insulating medium, although there is voltage at the two ends of the capacitor, the charge cannot pass through the electrode, so the capacitor has the function of separating the DC.

If the two electrodes of the capacitor stored in charge are connected by wires, the positive and negative charges on the electrode plate of the capacitor will be neutralized through the wire at the moment of connection, which is the discharge function of the capacitor. The discharge process of capacitors is a process of releasing energy. It will work in the discharge circuit and convert electric energy into other kinds of energy.

When a capacitor is used in an electronic circuit, if the voltage on the electronic circuit is higher than the voltage at both ends of the capacitor, the capacitor is charged until the voltage established on the capacitor is equal to the voltage of the circuit; If the voltage on the electronic circuit is lower than the voltage at both ends of the capacitor, the capacitor discharges.