Causes of capacitor breakdown

I believe that everyone is very familiar with the three words of the capacitor. With the development of science and technology, the higher the frequency of the use of capacitors, the wider the application field. Why capacitors are broken down by electric shock, follow JEC editors together to find the root cause of the problem. The concept of capacitor breakdown, its causes, and solutions are described in this article.

The concept of capacitor breakdown:

The electric field strength of the capacitor is limited by the electric field. When the bound electric charge is out of the bound of the atom or molecule and participates in the conduction, the insulation performance is destroyed. This phenomenon is called breakdown of the dielectric.

Breakdown of capacitor:

The fundamental reason for the breakdown of a capacitor is that the insulation of the dielectric is destroyed and polarization occurs. The causes of dielectric insulation damage are:

1 The working voltage exceeds the withstand voltage of the capacitor;

2 The quality of the capacitor is not good, the leakage current is large, the temperature gradually increases, and the dielectric strength decreases;

3 The capacitor is reversed or connected to AC power.

Avoid media breakdown method:

1 using materials with high dielectric strength;

2 The insulating material has a certain thickness and does not contain impurities such as air bubbles or moisture;

3 Try to distribute the electric field as required, to avoid the power line being too dense in some places.

Breakdown can restore:

1 Dielectrics are gases or liquids, all of which are self-restoring insulating media and breakdown is reversible.

2 Dielectrics are solid and breakdown is irreversible. It is the only insulation medium that cannot be recovered after breakdown.