From full customization to today's COTSPrevious views on the continued use of hybrid circuits and modules in military systems remain valid. It is important, however, to recognize that commercial pressure on military equipment manufacturers is greater than ever, especially in terms of costs and timin

SafetyObsolete elimination of products is a very serious problem for the military industry. 30 to 50 years of project life is common, so military and aerospace equipment suppliers are constantly looking for ways to reduce risk. Hybrid circuits and modules have been a way of trying to isolate the rap

PerformanceMilitary and aerospace systems are generally designed on the basis of modular subsystems. For example, field replaceable units (LRUs) simplify service and operational support. LRU interconnection relies on standards such as MIL-STD-1553 bus interfaces. Implementing these functions in hybr

IntegrationDuring the period covered in this article, ASIC technology brought about a revolution in the industry. At first, hundreds of gate arrays provided the military with a way to improve digital integration, and with the rapid increase in gate density and the improvement of development tools. T