New energy: the important role of photovoltaic and wind power technology in future energy development

With the advent of the new energy era, green and clean energy has become the theme of new energy development. People also yearn for a better living environment. The promotion of "two substitutions" and the formation of an energy pattern dominated by clean energy and centered on electricity determine the key role of power supply technology in future energy development.Its core is to continuously improve the development efficiency and economics of clean energy. The core areas include wind power, solar power, ocean power and distributed power technology. These technological breakthroughs are the source of power for building the global energy internet, and are important for promoting clean and low-carbon global energy development.

Wind power technology

Wind power generation is a technology that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy, and uses wind wheels to collect wind energy, and then converts it into rotating mechanical energy to drive generators to generate electricity. At present, the development of wind power technology is relatively mature, and the annual wind power generation capacity reaches about 640 billion kWh, accounting for less than 3% of the total global energy consumption.According to the requirements of controlling carbon emissions, the proportion of wind power is expected to increase to 30% by 2050, and the annual power generation can reach 22 trillion kWh, with great development potential. In the next 40 years, wind power technology will make further breakthroughs, and the cost of power generation is expected to drop by more than 50% with technological progress, which will provide human beings with more economical and clean energy.

In the 21st century, with the innovation and development of technologies such as power electronics, materials and control, the installed capacity and efficiency of wind power have been greatly improved, and the scale of commercial application has continued to expand.

Overall, the development of wind power technology will further improve the efficiency of wind energy utilization and reduce costs. According to the current research and development progress, wind power technology is expected to mature in many aspects around 2030 and become an important power supply technology supporting the construction of the global energy Internet.

Solar Power Technology

Solar power generation mainly includes photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation. Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar photovoltaic cells to directly convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. Photothermal power generation refers to the use of large-scale arrays of parabolic or dish-shaped mirrors to collect solar thermal energy, provide steam through heat exchange devices, and then drive turbogenerators to generate electricity.Solar energy is an abundant energy resource on the earth. With the development of solar power generation technology and the global energy Internet, solar power generation will become an energy source with great potential and rapid growth in the future.According to the scenario forecast of accelerated development of clean energy, it is estimated that by around 2050, solar power generation will exceed 26 trillion kWh.Among them, photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation basically each account for half, and solar power generation accounts for about 36% of the world's total power generation.

Solar power generation is a sunrise industry, which is still in its infancy. With the wide application of new materials, solar power generation has great technological innovation space and broad development prospects in terms of improving conversion efficiency, reducing power generation costs, and realizing large-scale commercial applications.

Ocean energy power generation technology

Ocean energy can be divided into wave energy, tidal energy, tidal current energy, ocean current energy, temperature difference energy, and salt difference energy.

Although ocean energy development has a history of hundreds of years, the technology is immature and is still in the research and exploration stage. Compared with other renewable energy sources, ocean energy is limited by energy density and construction conditions, so it is difficult to develop and utilize technologies, and the cost is extremely high.At present, the tidal power station with very mature technology has an investment cost higher than 30,000 yuan/kW, which is equivalent to three times the cost of solar photovoltaic power generation and four times the cost of wind power generation.The cost of generating electricity from wave energy, temperature difference energy, tidal current energy, and ocean current energy is higher, and the prospect of large-scale commercial application is still unclear.

Distributed Power Technology

Distributed power generation refers to power generation facilities located on the user side and connected to the low-voltage power grid nearby or multi-generation facilities for comprehensive cascade utilization of energy, including distributed power generation of clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy, as well as waste heat, waste pressure, and waste gas power generation. And small natural gas combined cooling, heating and power supply, etc.Its essence is a small-capacity generating set that is developed nearby, connected to the grid, and accommodated.

At present, distributed power supply is mainly used in the following fields: First, it provides independent power supply to remote areas such as islands and rural areas, and solves the power supply problem in the above-mentioned areas; The second is to provide users with backup power supply, and provide power supply for users with high power supply reliability requirements when the large power grid fails;The third is peak shaving, generating power during peak hours to reduce peak loads;The fourth is to adopt the form of combined cooling, heating and power supply to provide a variety of energy products to meet the diverse needs of users and improve the efficiency of comprehensive energy utilization;The fifth is to support grid voltage adjustment, reduce power loss and improve power factor;The sixth is users invest in distributed power generation to connect to the power grid to realize economic benefits.In the future, the development of distributed power will focus on the development of clean energy such as solar energy, wind energy, and small hydropower near the load core.The key points of future distributed power technology innovation mainly focus on distributed power grid-connected protection, control, power quality monitoring technology, distributed power, energy storage, controllable load and distribution network synchronous operation technology,adapting to the demand side response and power supply, power grid, load interaction technology for large-scale distributed power access,distributed power supply and distribution network information exchange standardization technology, based on virtual power plant high penetration rate distributed power consumption technology.